The spatial filtering and parallel computing techniques a thesis submitted to the university of manchester for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the faculty of science and engineering 2018 by atheel alkhayyat school of electrical and electronic engineering. During the past 25 years the finite difference time domain fdtd method has. The detailed flowchart of parallel rketdfdtd method is described. Finitedifference timedomain or yees method named after the chinese american applied mathematician kane s. Finitedifference timedomain method fdtd is widely used for modeling of computational electrodynamics by numerically solving maxwells equations and finding approximate solution at each time step. Essentials of computational electromagnetics provides an indepth introduction of the three main fullwave numerical methods in computational electromagnetics cem. Provides an introduction to the finite difference time domain method and shows how python code can be used to implement various simulations this book allows engineering students and practicing engineers to learn the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method and properly apply it toward their electromagnetic simulation projects. Gupta department of electrical, electronic and computer engineering, napier university, 219 colinton road, edinburgh. We first introduce the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method 1 to find approximate solution of the maxwells equations, and we develop a parallel algorithm for the fdtd method using the mpi message passing interface library. The fdtd method belongs in the general class of gridbased differential numerical. Gpuaccelerated parallel finitedifference timedomain method for electromagnetic waves propagation in unmagnetized plasma media.
Professor mittra won the ieee millennium medal in 2000, the ieeeaps distinguished achievement award in 2002, the aps chento tai distinguished educator award in 2004, and the ieee electromagnetics award in 2005. The fdtd method makes approximations that force the solutions to be approximate, i. The idea is rather simple, but this method involves a lot of computation, which makes it sometimes intolerably slow to run on a typical pc. Parallel 3d finitedifference timedomain method on multigpu systems article in international journal of modern physics c 222. For the forward problem, a parallel finitedifference timedomain technique is used, in which the excitation is an array of rectangular apertures and scattered fields are probed by an array very. Parallel implementation of the finitedifference time. Electromagnetic simulation using the fdtd method with. Because e0 and em are antiparallel, the magnitude of the total. Fdtd method has been widely used to model interaction of.
It is a robust, easytounderstand, easyto implement techniques. The finitedifference timedomain method 3 introduction to maxwells equations and the yee algorithm allen taflove and jamesina simpson 51 3. Hybrid parallel fdtd calculation method based on mpi for. Course paperwork pdf syllabus course assignments lecture notes pdf other resources web getting started with matlab stereo image of a 3d yee cell. Among electromagnetic numerical analysis methods, the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method is very well suited for parallel programming, and several implementations of. Finitedifference timedomain or yees method is a numerical analysis technique used for modeling computational electrodynamics.
Therefore the fdtd method is an optimal choice to accurately simulate metamaterials on parallel platforms with. Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation using the 3d. Finite difference timedomain fdtd method, first introduced y k. The finite difference time domain method clemson university. Pdf a finitedifference timedomain method without the courant. The key is the matrix indexing instead of the traditional linear indexing. The simulation speed was compared to implementations based on alternative techniques of parallel processor programming. Overall computational time of fdtd solvers could become significant when large numerical grids are used. Timereversal algorithm with finitedifference timedomain.
Programming of finite difference methods in matlab long chen we discuss ef. Parallel finitedifference timedomain method artech house electromagnetic analysis wenhua yu, raj mittra, tao su, yongjun liu, xiaoling yang on. Time reversal algorithm with finitedifference timedomain method software implementation of a microwave imaging technique for breast cancer early diagnosis. Parallel solution of high speed low order fdtd on 2d free. The java version is par allelized using mpj expressa threadsafe messaging li. Solutions for these problems are computationally expensive in terms of. A highperformance parallel fdtd method enhanced by using. Ximin wang, langlang xiong, song liu, zhiyun peng, shuangying zhong. Parallel 3d finitedifference timedomain method on multi. The unconditionally stable cnfdtd is compared with the conventional leapfrog lf fdtd method.
The java version is par allelized using mpj expressa threadsafe messaging li brary. Yee, born 1934 is a numerical analysis technique used for modeling computational electrodynamics finding approximate solutions to the associated system of differential equations. Finitedifference timedomain or yees method is a numerical analysis technique used for. The threedimensional fdtd method with parallel computing. Posted by sidney on jun, 2014 in finitedifference timedomain method 0 comments. A distinct advantage of the method is that it can be easily parallelized. Parallel processing techniques in emp propagation using 3d finitedifference timedomain fdtd method w. This is achieved by improving the twodimensional laplacian approximation associated with the curl. He is also the coauthor of parallel finitedifference timedomain method artech house, 2006.
Introduction to the segmented finitedifference time. The 3d finitedifference timedomain fdtd method simulates structures in the timedomain using a direct form of maxwells curl equations. Fdtd scales with high efficiency on parallelprocessing cpubased. Fdtdfinitedifference timedomain method is a numerical analysis technique used for modeling computational electrodynamics. The parallelized fdtd schrodinger solver implements a parallel algorithm for solving the timeindependent 3d schrodinger equation using the finite difference time domain fdtd method. The accuracy and acceleration performance of the proposed parallel. Future data testing department analyzing data with a. It has been successfully applied to an extremely wide variety of problems, such as scattering from metal objects and. In this paper we evaluate the usability and performance of open computing language opencl targeted for implementation of the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. In this study, a fast and accurate method to predict the radar crosssection rcs of largescale and complicated shape targets is proposed based on a highperformance parallel finite difference timedomain fdtd numerical method. It is one of the most popular timedomain method for solving em problems. This paper presents and evaluates a parallel java imple mentation of the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method, which is a widely used numerical technique in computational electrodynamics. Here you can find parallel fdtd codes developed by zsolt szabo. Understanding the finitedifference timedomain method.
The implementation of sse instruction set to parallel fdtd method has achieved the significant improvement on the simulation performance. Abstractthe finitedifference timedomain fdtd method has been commonly utilized to simulate the. Fdtd acceleration using matlab parallel computing toolbox. Due to the difference of numerical algorithm between fdtd and fem for the material. Moreover, the portability of opencl fdtd code between modern computing. A parallel fdtd algorithm for the solution of maxwells equations. Computational electromagnetics electromagnetics for.
The results obtained from the fdtd method would be approximate even if we used computers that offered in. In this chapter the fundamentals of the finite difference time domain fdtd. This makes the sat technique an attractive method of imposing boundary conditions for higher order finite difference methods, in contrast to for example the injection method, which typically will not be stable if high order differentiation operators are used. Essentials of computational electromagnetics wiley. This book raises the fdtd method to the next level by empowering it with the vast capabilities of parallel computing. Finite difference equation software free download finite. In this paper, a finitedifference timedomain method that is free of the. The electromagnetic waves propagation in unmagnetized plasma. This book introduces the powerful finitedifference timedomain method to students and interested researchers and readers. The finitedifference timedomain ftdt method has revolutionized antenna design and electromagnetics engineering. The finite difference time domain fdtd method, as first proposed by yee 1, is a direct solution of maxwells time dependent curl equations. You can skip the previous two chapters, but not this one. Yee in 1966, and later developed by taflove and others, is a direct solution of maxwells timedependent curl equations. The electromagnetic waves propagation in unmagnetized.
See the hosted apps mediawiki menu item for more information. The finite difference time domain fdtd method 2 is a powerful iterative numerical technique to solve the maxwell equations. A parallel three dimensional 3d finite difference time domain fdtd algorithm for the solution of maxwells equations with nearly perfectly matched layer. Timedomain analysis of a crlh coupledline coupler using. The finitedifference timedomain fdtd method has been commonly utilized in the numerical solution of electromagnetic em waves propagation through the plasma media.
The codes can be run under unix and windows operating systems. To this end, several most popular parallel computation methods including openmp, graphics processing unit gpu, and messagepassing interface. Since it is a timedomain method, fdtd solutions can cover a wide. Nanooptical device design with the use of open source. We introduce a hardware acceleration technique for the parallel finite difference time domain fdtd method using the sse streaming single instruction multiple data simd extensions instruction set. Electromagnetic analysis using finitedifference timedomain. A parallel celodfdtd model for instrument landing system signal disturbance analyzing. In order to estimate path loss in various infrastructure types, tunnels, water distribution networks, and bridges, we. Finitedifference timedomain modeling of curved surfaces pdf. Adjust the image size until it is just under 10 cm wide.
Pdf finite difference time domain methods researchgate. Parallel processing techniques in emp propagation using 3d finitedifference. Finite difference timedomain fdtd is one of the most widely used numerical method for solving electromagnetic problems. This method has the advantage over other simulation methods in that it does not use empirical approximations. Introduction to the finitedifference timedomain method. Introduction to the segmented finitedifference timedomain method yan wu and ian wassell computer laboratory, university of cambridge, cambridge, cb3 0fd u. Introductory finite difference methods for pdes contents contents preface 9 1. It uses simple centraldifference approximations to evaluate the space and time derivatives. The finite difference time domain fdtd method is a powerfull numerical technique to solve the maxwell equations. In this study, the implicit cranknicolson finitedifference timedomain cnfdtd method is applied to discretize the governing telegraphers equations of a composite rightlefthanded crlh coupledline coupler. However, the fdtd method may bring about a significant increment in additional runtimes consuming for computationally large and complicated em problems. A parallel implementation of the finitedomain time. Computer science, fdtd, finitedifference timedomain, fpga, opencl.
Parallel processing techniques in emp propagation using 3d. We apply parallel computing to improve the efficiency of electromagnetic field analysis. Gpuaccelerated parallel finitedifference timedomain. Generalized finitedifference timedomain method with. The finitedifference timedomain method fdtd the finitedifference timedomain method fdtd is todays one of the most popular technique for the solution of electromagnetic problems. A basic element of the fdtd space lattice is illustrated in figure 2. An effective introduction is accomplished using a stepbystep process that builds competence and confidence in developing complete working codes for the design and analysis of various antennas and microwave devices. Web understanding the finitedifference timedomain method ebook zip fdtd matlab files draw1d. Parallel finitedifference timedomain method artech house. Parallel finitedifference timedomain method artech.
Numerous monographs can be found addressing one of the above three methods. Unfortunately, it requires large amounts of memory and long simulation times. The finite difference time domain method for electromagnetics. Pde that emerges in the study of waveguide quantum electrodynamics qed by adapting the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. Parallel processing techniques in emp propagation using 3d finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. Methods have been devised by the authors which reduce the amount of stored. Therefore, we use finitedifference timedomain fdtd combined with internet of things, cloud computing, and other technologies to solve the above problems. In this paper, we focus on the fdtd method and use it to simulate electromagnetic scattering of electrically large objects. Parallel finitedifference timedomain method request pdf.
It is interesting to note that while fdtd is based on maxwells equations which describe the behavior and effect of electromagnetism, the term fdtd itself was coined to describe the algorithm developed by kane s. It is found that the number of iterations with the proposed fdtd can be at. The most relevant method for parallel systems is the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. A class of finitedifference timedomain fdtd schemes is developed, for the solution of maxwells equations, that exhibits improved isotropy and dispersion characteristics.
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